In Hindu philosophy, Brahman is the ultimate reality, the absolute and unchanging ground of being. Brahman is considered to be the ultimate cause and source of all existence.
The terms "Nirguna Brahman" and "Saguna Brahman" are used to describe different aspects or manifestations of Brahman.
Nirguna Brahman refers to the aspect of Brahman that is beyond all qualities and attributes, and is considered to be formless and infinite. It is the ultimate reality that is beyond all human understanding and is said to be the source of all existence. It is often associated with concepts such as the "Self" or "Atman" in Hindu philosophy.
Saguna Brahman, on the other hand, refers to the aspect of Brahman that is characterised by qualities and attributes. It is the aspect of Brahman that can be experienced and perceived through worship and devotion. It is often associated with the gods and goddesses of the Hindu pantheon, such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi.
It's important to note that the distinction between Nirguna and Saguna Brahman is not seen as a duality but rather as a different perspective of the same ultimate reality.
In Advaita Vedanta, one of the main schools of Hindu philosophy, the distinction between Nirguna and Saguna Brahman is seen as a way to understand the relationship between the ultimate reality and the individual self or Atman. According to Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate reality, Brahman, is Nirguna, formless and without qualities. The individual self or Atman is also formless and without qualities, and is ultimately identical to Brahman. The Saguna Brahman is seen as a way to approach the ultimate reality through devotion and worship. The Saguna Brahman is a way to experience the ultimate reality through devotion and worship.
It is also worth mentioning that some other schools of Hindu philosophy like Bhakti tradition see the Saguna Brahman as the highest reality and the only way to achieve moksha (liberation) is through devotion and worship of Saguna Brahman.
In conclusion, the distinction between Nirguna and Saguna Brahman is a way to understand the relationship between the ultimate reality and the individual self, and the way to approach the ultimate reality through devotion and worship. The ultimate reality is seen as both formless and with qualities and forms, depending on the perspective.
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